# Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) - Comprehensive Guide

## Overview

This guide consolidates all FCM (Firebase Cloud Messaging) knowledge for Sojorn, covering setup, deployment, troubleshooting, and platform-specific considerations for both Web and Android.

## Quick Start (TL;DR)

1. Get VAPID key from Firebase Console
2. Download Firebase service account JSON
3. Update Flutter app with VAPID key
4. Upload JSON to server at `/opt/sojorn/firebase-service-account.json`
5. Add to `/opt/sojorn/.env`: `FIREBASE_CREDENTIALS_FILE=/opt/sojorn/firebase-service-account.json`
6. Restart Go backend
7. Test notifications

---

## Architecture Overview

### How FCM Works in Sojorn

1. **User opens app** → Flutter requests notification permission
2. **Permission granted** → Firebase generates FCM token
3. **Token sent to backend** → Stored in `fcm_tokens` table
4. **Event occurs** (new message, follow, etc.) → Go backend calls `PushService.SendPush()`
5. **FCM sends notification** → User's device/browser receives it
6. **User clicks notification** → App opens to relevant screen

### Notification Triggers
- New chat message (`chat_handler.go:156`)
- New follower (`user_handler.go:141`)
- Follow request accepted (`user_handler.go:319`)

---

## Platform Differences

### Web (Working ✅)
- Uses VAPID key for authentication
- Service worker handles background messages
- Token format: `d2n2ELGKel7yzPL3wZLGSe:APA91b...`
- Requires user to grant notification permission in browser

### Android (Requires Setup ❓)
- Uses `google-services.json` for authentication
- Native Android handles background messages
- Token format: Different from web, longer
- Requires runtime permission on Android 13+
- Needs notification channels (Android 8+)

---

## Setup Instructions

### Step 1: Get Firebase Credentials

#### A. Get VAPID Key (for Web Push)

1. Go to https://console.firebase.google.com/project/sojorn-a7a78/settings/cloudmessaging
2. Scroll to **Web configuration** section
3. Under **Web Push certificates**, copy the **Key pair**
4. It should look like: `BNxS7_very_long_string_of_characters...`

#### B. Download Service Account JSON (for Server)

1. Go to https://console.firebase.google.com/project/sojorn-a7a78/settings/serviceaccounts
2. Click **Generate new private key**
3. Click **Generate key** - downloads JSON file
4. Save it somewhere safe (you'll upload it to server)

**Example JSON structure:**
```json
{
  "type": "service_account",
  "project_id": "sojorn-a7a78",
  "private_key_id": "abc123...",
  "private_key": "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\n...\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----\n",
  "client_email": "firebase-adminsdk-xxxxx@sojorn-a7a78.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
  "client_id": "123456789...",
  "auth_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth",
  "token_uri": "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token",
  "auth_provider_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs",
  "client_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/robot/v1/metadata/x509/..."
}
```

### Step 2: Update Flutter App with VAPID Key

**File:** `sojorn_app/lib/config/firebase_web_config.dart`

Replace line 24:
```dart
static const String _vapidKey = 'YOUR_VAPID_KEY_HERE';
```

With your actual VAPID key:
```dart
static const String _vapidKey = 'BNxS7_your_actual_vapid_key_from_firebase_console';
```

**Commit and push:**
```bash
cd c:\Webs\Sojorn
git add sojorn_app/lib/config/firebase_web_config.dart
git commit -m "Add FCM VAPID key for web push notifications"
git push
```

### Step 3: Upload Firebase Service Account JSON to Server

**From Windows PowerShell:**
```powershell
scp -i "C:\Users\Patrick\.ssh\mpls.pem" "C:\path\to\sojorn-a7a78-firebase-adminsdk-xxxxx.json" patrick@194.238.28.122:/tmp/firebase-service-account.json
```

Replace `C:\path\to\...` with the actual path to your downloaded JSON file.

### Step 4: Configure Server

**SSH to server:**
```bash
ssh -i "C:\Users\Patrick\.ssh\mpls.pem" patrick@194.238.28.122
```

**Manual setup:**
```bash
# Move JSON file
sudo mv /tmp/firebase-service-account.json /opt/sojorn/firebase-service-account.json
sudo chmod 600 /opt/sojorn/firebase-service-account.json
sudo chown patrick:patrick /opt/sojorn/firebase-service-account.json

# Edit .env
sudo nano /opt/sojorn/.env
```

Add these lines to `.env`:
```bash
# Firebase Cloud Messaging
FIREBASE_CREDENTIALS_FILE=/opt/sojorn/firebase-service-account.json
FIREBASE_WEB_VAPID_KEY=BNxS7_your_actual_vapid_key_here
```

Save and exit (Ctrl+X, Y, Enter)

### Step 5: Restart Go Backend

```bash
cd /home/patrick/sojorn-backend
sudo systemctl restart sojorn-api
sudo systemctl status sojorn-api
```

**Check logs for successful initialization:**
```bash
sudo journalctl -u sojorn-api -f --since "1 minute ago"
```

Look for:
```
[INFO] PushService initialized successfully
```

---

## Android-Specific Setup

### Prerequisites

1. **google-services.json**: Download from Firebase Console for Android app
2. **Package Name**: Must match `com.gosojorn.app`
3. **Build Configuration**: Proper Gradle setup
4. **Permissions**: Runtime notification permissions (Android 13+)

### Android Configuration Files

#### 1. google-services.json
**Location:** `sojorn_app/android/app/google-services.json`
**Verify package name:**
```json
{
  "project_info": {
    "project_number": "486753572104",
    "project_id": "sojorn-a7a78"
  },
  "client": [
    {
      "client_info": {
        "mobilesdk_app_id": "1:486753572104:android:abc123...",
        "android_client_info": {
          "package_name": "com.gosojorn.app"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}
```

#### 2. build.gradle.kts (Project Level)
**File:** `sojorn_app/android/build.gradle.kts`
```kotlin
dependencies {
    classpath("com.google.gms:google-services:4.4.0")
}
```

#### 3. build.gradle.kts (App Level)
**File:** `sojorn_app/android/app/build.gradle.kts`
```kotlin
plugins {
    id("com.android.application")
    id("kotlin-android")
    id("com.google.gms.google-services")
}

android {
    namespace = "com.gosojorn.app"
    // ... other config
}

dependencies {
    implementation("com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging")
    // ... other dependencies
}
```

#### 4. AndroidManifest.xml
**File:** `sojorn_app/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml`
```xml
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS" />
    
    <application>
        <meta-data
            android:name="com.google.firebase.messaging.default_notification_icon"
            android:resource="@drawable/ic_notification" />
        <meta-data
            android:name="com.google.firebase.messaging.default_notification_color"
            android:resource="@color/colorAccent" />
        <meta-data
            android:name="com.google.firebase.messaging.default_notification_channel_id"
            android:value="@string/default_notification_channel_id" />
    </application>
</manifest>
```

#### 5. strings.xml (Notification Channel)
**File:** `sojorn_app/android/app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml`
```xml
<resources>
    <string name="default_notification_channel_id">chat_messages</string>
    <string name="default_notification_channel_name">Chat messages</string>
</resources>
```

---

## Testing & Verification

### Test 1: Check Token Registration

#### Web
1. Open Sojorn web app in browser
2. Open DevTools (F12) > Console
3. Look for: `FCM token registered (web): d2n2ELGKel7yzPL3wZLGSe...`
4. If you see "Web push is missing FIREBASE_WEB_VAPID_KEY", VAPID key is not set correctly

#### Android
1. Run the app: `cd c:\Webs\Sojorn && .\run_dev.ps1`
2. Check logs: `adb logcat | findstr "FCM"`
3. Look for:
   ```
   [FCM] Initializing for platform: android
   [FCM] Token registered (android): eXaMpLe...
   [FCM] Token synced with Go Backend successfully
   ```

### Test 2: Check Database

```bash
sudo -u postgres psql sojorn
```

```sql
-- Check FCM tokens are being stored
SELECT user_id, platform, LEFT(fcm_token, 30) as token_preview, created_at 
FROM public.fcm_tokens 
ORDER BY created_at DESC 
LIMIT 5;
```

**Expected output:**
```
user_id                              | platform | token_preview                  | created_at
-------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------+-------------------
5568b545-5215-4734-875f-84b3106cd170 | web      | d2n2ELGKel7yzPL3wZLGSe:APA91b | 2026-01-29 05:50
5568b545-5215-4734-875f-84b3106cd170 | android  | eXaMpLe_android_token_here...  | 2026-01-29 06:00
```

### Test 3: Send Test Message

1. Open two browser windows (or use two different users)
2. User A sends a chat message to User B
3. User B should receive a push notification (if browser is in background)

**Check server logs:**
```bash
sudo journalctl -u sojorn-api -f | grep -i push
```

You should see:
```
[INFO] Sending push notification to user 5568b545...
[INFO] Push notification sent successfully
```

---

## Troubleshooting

### Common Issues & Solutions

#### Issue: "Web push is missing FIREBASE_WEB_VAPID_KEY"

**Cause:** VAPID key not set in Flutter app

**Fix:**
1. Update `firebase_web_config.dart` with actual VAPID key
2. Hot restart Flutter app
3. Check console again

#### Issue: "Failed to initialize PushService"

**Cause:** Firebase service account JSON not found or invalid

**Fix:**
```bash
# Check file exists
ls -la /opt/sojorn/firebase-service-account.json

# Check .env has correct path
sudo cat /opt/sojorn/.env | grep FIREBASE_CREDENTIALS_FILE

# Validate JSON
cat /opt/sojorn/firebase-service-account.json | jq .

# Check permissions
ls -la /opt/sojorn/firebase-service-account.json
# Should show: -rw------- 1 patrick patrick
```

#### Issue: Android "Token is null after getToken()"

**Cause:** Firebase not properly initialized or `google-services.json` mismatch

**Fix:**
1. Verify `google-services.json` package name matches: `"package_name": "com.gosojorn.app"`
2. Check `build.gradle.kts` has: `applicationId = "com.gosojorn.app"`
3. Rebuild: `flutter clean && flutter pub get && flutter run`

#### Issue: Android "Permission denied"

**Cause:** User denied notification permission or Android 13+ permission not requested

**Fix:**
1. Check `AndroidManifest.xml` has: `<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS" />`
2. On Android 13+, permission must be requested at runtime
3. Uninstall and reinstall app to re-trigger permission prompt

#### Issue: Notifications not received

**Checklist:**
- [ ] Browser notification permissions granted
- [ ] FCM token registered (check console)
- [ ] Token stored in database (check SQL)
- [ ] Go backend logs show push being sent
- [ ] Service worker registered (check DevTools > Application > Service Workers)

**Check service worker:**
1. Open DevTools > Application > Service Workers
2. Should see `firebase-messaging-sw.js` registered
3. If not, check `sojorn_app/web/firebase-messaging-sw.js` exists

---

## Debug Checklist for Android

Run through this checklist:

- [ ] `google-services.json` exists in `android/app/`
- [ ] Package name matches in all files
- [ ] `build.gradle.kts` has `google-services` plugin
- [ ] `AndroidManifest.xml` has `POST_NOTIFICATIONS` permission
- [ ] App has notification permission granted
- [ ] Android logs show FCM initialization
- [ ] Android logs show token generated
- [ ] Token appears in database `fcm_tokens` table
- [ ] Backend logs show notification being sent
- [ ] Android logs show notification received

---

## Current Configuration

**Firebase Project:**
- Project ID: `sojorn-a7a78`
- Sender ID: `486753572104`
- Console: https://console.firebase.google.com/project/sojorn-a7a78

**Server Paths:**
- .env: `/opt/sojorn/.env`
- Service Account: `/opt/sojorn/firebase-service-account.json`
- Backend: `/home/patrick/sojorn-backend`

**Flutter Files:**
- Config: `sojorn_app/lib/config/firebase_web_config.dart`
- Service Worker: `sojorn_app/web/firebase-messaging-sw.js`
- Notification Service: `sojorn_app/lib/services/notification_service.dart`

**Android Files:**
- Firebase Config: `sojorn_app/android/app/google-services.json`
- Build Config: `sojorn_app/android/app/build.gradle.kts`
- Manifest: `sojorn_app/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml`
- Strings: `sojorn_app/android/app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml`

---

## Quick Reference Commands

```bash
# SSH to server
ssh -i "C:\Users\Patrick\.ssh\mpls.pem" patrick@194.238.28.122

# Check .env
sudo cat /opt/sojorn/.env | grep FIREBASE

# Check service account file
ls -la /opt/sojorn/firebase-service-account.json
cat /opt/sojorn/firebase-service-account.json | jq .project_id

# Restart backend
sudo systemctl restart sojorn-api

# View logs
sudo journalctl -u sojorn-api -f

# Check FCM tokens in DB
sudo -u postgres psql sojorn -c "SELECT COUNT(*) as token_count FROM public.fcm_tokens;"

# View recent tokens
sudo -u postgres psql sojorn -c "SELECT user_id, platform, created_at FROM public.fcm_tokens ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 5;"

# Android debug commands
adb logcat | findstr "FCM"
adb shell pm list packages | findstr gosojorn
adb uninstall com.gosojorn.app
adb shell dumpsys notification | findstr gosojorn
```

---

## Expected Behavior

**When working correctly:**

### Web
1. App starts → User grants notification permission
2. Token generated → `FCM token registered (web): ...`
3. Token synced → Token appears in database
4. Message sent → Backend sends push → Notification appears in browser

### Android
1. App starts → `[FCM] Initializing for platform: android`
2. Permission requested → User grants → `[FCM] Permission status: AuthorizationStatus.authorized`
3. Token generated → `[FCM] Token registered (android): eXaMpLe...`
4. Token synced → `[FCM] Token synced with Go Backend successfully`
5. Message sent → Backend sends push → `[FCM] Foreground message received`
6. Notification appears in Android notification tray

---

## Files Modified During Implementation

1. `sojorn_app/lib/config/firebase_web_config.dart` - Added VAPID key placeholder
2. `go-backend/.env.example` - Updated FCM configuration format
3. `sojorn_app/android/app/google-services.json` - Firebase Android configuration
4. `sojorn_app/android/app/build.gradle.kts` - Gradle configuration
5. `sojorn_app/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml` - Permissions and metadata
6. `sojorn_app/lib/services/notification_service.dart` - Enhanced logging for debugging

---

## Next Steps After Deployment

1. Monitor logs for FCM errors
2. Test notifications with real users
3. Check FCM token count grows as users log in
4. Verify push notifications work on:
   - Chrome (desktop & mobile)
   - Firefox (desktop & mobile)
   - Safari (if supported)
   - Edge
   - Android devices

---

## Support

If you encounter issues:
1. Check logs: `sudo journalctl -u sojorn-api -f`
2. Verify configuration: `sudo cat /opt/sojorn/.env | grep FIREBASE`
3. Test JSON validity: `cat /opt/sojorn/firebase-service-account.json | jq .`
4. Check Firebase Console for errors: https://console.firebase.google.com/project/sojorn-a7a78/notification
5. For Android issues, share logcat output: `adb logcat | findstr "FCM"`

---

**Last Updated**: January 30, 2026
**Status**: ✅ Web notifications working, Android setup in progress